The potential of five wild growing aromatic plants from Hemaq Beniung Customary Forest on antidiabetic activity

HARLINDA KUSPRADINI (Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Mulawarman. Jl. Ki Hajar Dewantara, Kampus Gunung Kelua, Samarinda 75123, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)
AGMI SINTA PUTRI (Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Mulawarman. Jl. Ki Hajar Dewantara, Kampus Gunung Kelua, Samarinda 75123, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)
KISWANTO KISWANTO (Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Mulawarman. Jl. Ki Hajar Dewantara, Kampus Gunung Kelua, Samarinda 75123, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)
HAYATUS SA’ADAH (Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Samarinda. Jl. A.W. Syahranie no. 226, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)
FAJRIANSYAH FAJRIANSYAH (Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Mulawarman. Jl. Ki Hajar Dewantara, Kampus Gunung Kelua, Samarinda 75123, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)
MUHAMMAD AKMAL RIZQULLAH (Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Mulawarman. Jl. Ki Hajar Dewantara, Kampus Gunung Kelua, Samarinda 75123, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)
ANISA GIFTA LARASATI (Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Mulawarman. Jl. Ki Hajar Dewantara, Kampus Gunung Kelua, Samarinda 75123, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)
NAJMIA AFIFAH ZULFA (Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Mulawarman. Jl. Ki Hajar Dewantara, Kampus Gunung Kelua, Samarinda 75123, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)
SAAT EGRA (Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Borneo Tarakan. Jl. Amal Lama No. 1, Pantai Amal, Tarakan 77115, North Kalimantan, Indonesia)
KOSEI YAMAUCHI (Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University. 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan)
TOHRU MITSUNAGA (Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University. 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan)

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)

Abstract. Kuspradini H, Putri AS, Kiswanto, Sa’adah H, Fajriansyah, Rizqullah MA, Larasati AG, Zulfa NA, Egra S, Yamauchi K, Mitsunaga T. 2023. The potential of five wild growing aromatic plants from Hemaq Beniung Customary Forest on antidiabetic activity. Biodiversitas 24: 2156-2162. Several aromatic plants have been used for millennia across the globe for their hyperglycemic properties. The in vitro inhibitory activity of extracts from Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC., Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (Jack) Meisn., Clausena excavata Burm.fil., Neouvaria acuminatissima (Miq.) AiryShaw, and Piper porphyrophyllum N.E.Br. were tested. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical constituent, total phenolic and flavonoid content of five aromatic plant extracts obtained from West Kutai, East Kalimantan as well as the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity via in vitro assays. Assays for total phenol and flavonoid content were based on Follin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride reagents, respectively. In this study, the antidiabetic activity was determined by measuring the inhibitory activity of ?-glucosidase enzyme, while the in vitro antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH scavenger method. The order of inhibition of DPPH free radical was P. porphyrophyllum ethanol extract > N. acuminatissima ethanol extract > B. balsamifera ethyl acetate extract, which was found to be directly proportional to their total phenolic content. On the other hand, the order of inhibition of ?-glucosidase enzyme was found to be N. acuminatissima ethanol extract > C. parthenoxylon ethanol extract > N. acuminatissima ethyl acetate extract. Out of the 10 extracts studied, only 3 showed inhibition activity on ?-glucosidase. These findings indicate the aromatic plant extract's potential as a natural therapy for preventing and treating carbohydrate metabolic problems. As a result, the N. acuminatissima ethanol extract, which exhibits both antidiabetic and antioxidant activity, can be used in the pharmaceutical industry for the production of functional foods and herbal medicines. This is our first report on N. acuminatissima as an antioxidant and antidiabetic agent.