Autecology of Amorphophallus gigas in Batang Natal Watershed, North Sumatra, Indonesia

RIDAHATI RAMBEY (Doctoral Program in Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Jl. Sivitas Akademika No. 9, Medan 20222, North Sumatra, Indonesia)
RAHMAWATY RAHMAWATY (Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Jl. Tri Dharma Ujung No. 1, Kampus USU, Medan 20155, North Sumatra, Indonesia)
MOHD NAZIP SURATMAN (Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA. Shah Alam, Selangor 40450, Malaysia)
ABDUL RAUF (Doctoral Program in Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Jl. Sivitas Akademika No. 9, Medan 20222, North Sumatra, Indonesia)
ESTHER SORTA MAULI NABABAN (Doctoral Program in Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Jl. Sivitas Akademika No. 9, Medan 20222, North Sumatra, Indonesia)
DELVIAN DELVIAN (Doctoral Program in Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Jl. Sivitas Akademika No. 9, Medan 20222, North Sumatra, Indonesia)
T. ALIEF ATHTHORICK (Doctoral Program in Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Jl. Sivitas Akademika No. 9, Medan 20222, North Sumatra, Indonesia)
MOHD HASMADI ISMAIL (Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia. 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia)
SECA GENDASECA (Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA. Shah Alam, Selangor 40450, Malaysia)

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)

Abstract. Rambey R, Rahmawaty, Suratman MN, Rauf A, Nababan ESM, Delvian, Aththorick TA, Ismail MH, Gendaseca S. 2024. Autecology of Amorphophallus gigas in Batang Natal Watershed, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2887-2900. Amorphophallus gigas Teijsm. & Binn., a member of the Araceae family, is distributed across Sumatra, particularly within the Batang Natal watershed of Mandailing Natal District. This plant population thrives significantly under the forest canopy in high-humidity environments, such as a watershed, despite being exposed to certain challenges. The Batang Natal Watershed, spanning 70.5 km and originating in the Batang Natal Sub-district, is frequently subjected to mining activities. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the autecology of A. gigas in the watershed, focusing on factors such as occurrence, associated plant species, vegetation composition, and soil characteristics. The occurrences of A. gigas were identified through direct interviews with the local community, complemented by field collection of coordinate points in five villages. The vegetation around A. gigas habitats was then analyzed using nested sampling with a plot size of 1 ha. There was no A. gigas in Aek Garingging Village despite the reported presence in 2020, while there were nine individuals in each village of Rao-Rao and Lubuk Bondar Panjang and six and three individuals in Bangkelang and Aek Nangali, respectively. There were 63 tree and 39 understory species recorded around the A. gigas habitat. Lubuk Bondar was dominated by Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg. across several strata, with generally low to very low associations. Bangkelang was characterized by Gmelina arborea Roxb. ex Sm. in the pole and tree strata, with similarly low associations. In Rao-Rao, Coffea canephora Pierre ex A.Froehner was prominent in the seedling and sapling strata, showing low but consistent associations, and Selaginella willdenowii (Desv.) Baker in the understorey had a high positive association. The dominant species in each site typically had low to very low associations with other species, indicating limited ecological connectivity with A. gigas. The spatial distribution of A. gigas suggested a clumped pattern to ensure A. gigas preservation in the Batang Natal Watershed, it is essential to designate the plant's natural habitat as an in situ conservation area.