Plant-extract-mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Eleutherine americana bulb extract and its characterization

JULINDA ROMAULI MANULLANG (Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Mulawarman. Jl. Pasir Balengkong No.1, Kampus Gunung Kelua, Samarinda 75123, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)
RUDY AGUNG NUGROHO (Animal Physiology, Development, and Molecular Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Mulawarman. Jl. Barong Tongkok, Kampus Gunung Kelua, Samarinda 75223, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)
MIFTAKHUR ROHMAH (Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Mulawarman. Jl. Pasir Balengkong No.1, Kampus Gunung Kelua, Samarinda 75123, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)
RUDIANTO RUDIANTO (Animal Physiology, Development, and Molecular Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Mulawarman. Jl. Barong Tongkok, Kampus Gunung Kelua, Samarinda 75223, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)
AMANDA QORYSUCHI (Animal Physiology, Development, and Molecular Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Mulawarman. Jl. Barong Tongkok, Kampus Gunung Kelua, Samarinda 75223, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)

Nusantara Bioscience
Vol. 13 No. 2 (2021)

Abstract. Manullang JR, Nugroho RA, Rohmah M, Rudianto, Qorysuchi A. 2021. Plant-extract-mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Eleutherine americana bulb extract and its characterization. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 247-254. The plant-based biosynthesis of nanoparticles has gained increasing momentum due to being lower in cost and eco-friendly. This study aimed to biosynthesize nanoparticles from the ethanolic bulb extract of Eleutherine americana (Aubl.) Merr. Ex K.Heyne (Ea-AgNPs), then characterize Ea-AgNPs and determine their phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity. The Ea-AgNPs were synthesized using ethanolic extract of E. americana bulb along with various concentrations of AgNO3 (0.5-4 mM). The Ea-AgNPs were then characterized using UV-VIS spectroscopic, Scanning Electron Microscopy/ Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Powder Diffractometry (XRD), and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The results indicated that E. americana could be used to reduce AgNO3 to synthesize Ea-AgNPs, indicated by color change, and had optimum UV/VIS spectra at 400 nm. The FTIR analysis found that Ea-AgNPs showed peaks at 2919, 2850, 1586, and 1031 cm1, containing several important bio compounds. Additionally, the XRD results found an amorphous Ea-AgNP peak with maximum intensity and proportion of silver occurring at 24 Theta. The particle size distribution curve of Ea-AgNPs showed a size of 105 nm. Furthermore, SEM/EDX analysis revealed an optical absorption characteristic peak at 3 keV. The EDX examination revealed three signals: a strong signal from the C atom (70.99 %), an O atom (28.95 %), and an Ag atom (0.06 %). The TEM imaging also showed the characteristics of Ea-AgNPs. Some phytochemicals such as flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins were found in Ea-AgNPs, with IC50 values of 45.30 ppm.