Journal of Educational Sciences
Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Educational Sciences

Evaluation of the Hidden Curriculum in Students’ Character Formation at CLC SMPT Nabawan, Sabah, Malaysia

Ratnawati Syam (Master’s Program in Educational Research and Evaluation, Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar 90222, Indonesia)
Syahrul Syahrul (Master’s Program in Educational Research and Evaluation, Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar 90222, Indonesia)
Kaharuddin Arafah (Master’s Program in Educational Research and Evaluation, Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar 90222, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
05 Feb 2026

Abstract

Character education is a crucial aspect of educational practice, particularly in alternative educational institutions that serve students from diverse social and cultural backgrounds. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the hidden curriculum in shaping students’ character at CLC SMPT Nabawan, Sabah, Malaysia. The study employed a qualitative approach using the CIPP evaluation model, which consists of context, input, process, and product components. Data were collected through interviews, observations, document analysis, and student questionnaires. The findings indicate that the implementation of the hidden curriculum is supported by a strong contextual foundation, including a character-oriented school vision and mission, a conducive school culture and climate, and positive stakeholder support. The input evaluation shows adequate readiness of school management, teachers, students, and parents, although limitations in facilities and infrastructure remain a challenge. The process evaluation reveals that the hidden curriculum is implemented through intramural learning activities, extracurricular programs, daily habituation, and teacher role modeling. The product evaluation demonstrates that character values such as religiosity, discipline, responsibility, obedience to rules, and social awareness have been well internalized by most students, while responsibility for school facilities still requires improvement. This study concludes that the hidden curriculum is an effective strategy for character development in the context of alternative education and should be strengthened through consistent implementation and systematic evaluation.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

JES

Publisher

Subject

Religion Humanities Education Library & Information Science Other

Description

JES publishes original articles on the latest issues and trends occurring regionally and internationally in the educational sciences with the aim to advance our knowledge both in term of theory and practice. Moreover, this journal also covers the issues concerned with the following special sections: ...