<![CDATA[Land rights transfer in Indonesia has historically been hampered by bureaucratic inefficiency and lengthy processing times. In response, the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ATR/BPN) has implemented an electronic land rights transfer system as part of broader e-government reform. This study evaluates the legal effectiveness of its implementation at the Batam City Land Office using an empirical legal research approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with Land Office officials, Land Deed Officials (PPAT), and service users, and analyzed through Soerjono Soekanto's five-factor theory of legal effectiveness. The findings show that the electronic system has significantly reduced processing time from 14–30 working days to a maximum of 5 working days and improved data transparency. However, full effectiveness has not been achieved, as three factors remain suboptimal: uneven staff digital capacity, Batam's distinctive dual-authority land tenure structure requiring BP Batam approval prior to ATR/BPN processing, and partial public resistance to electronic certificates. Regulatory harmonization and inter-institutional integration are recommended to address these constraints.]]>
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