Journal of Smart Education and Emerging Technology
Vol 2 No 1 (2026) : July

Development of the Scratch: Coding for Kids Learning Module for Basic Programming Concepts in Elementary Schools

Satria Gunawan Zain (Universitas Negeri Makassar)
Mustari Lamada (Universitas Negeri Makassar)
Alfi Arista (Universitas Negeri Makassar)



Article Info

Publish Date
04 Jul 2026

Abstract

Background/Context: The development of digital technology has highlighted the importance of learning programming from elementary school age in order to foster children's computational thinking skills. Although Scratch offers an interactive and beginner-friendly visual learning approach, the limitations of learning modules that are still in English and have not been adapted to the age characteristics and cognitive abilities of children pose challenges in optimally understanding basic programming concepts. Objective/Purpose: This study aims to develop and assess the feasibility of Scratch modules tailored to the characteristics and cognitive abilities of elementary school children and to understand the basic concepts of programming. Method: This study used the Research and Development (R&D) method with a 4-D development model. Data were collected through a Likert scale questionnaire given to subject matter experts, media experts, and fifth-grade students at SD Inpres Kampus IKIP as test subjects. Data analysis was performed using quantitative descriptive statistics to assess the validity and feasibility of the developed Scratch module Results: : The Scratch learning module that was developed received very high validity scores from subject matter and media experts. Student feedback from pilot tests in small and large groups indicated a very positive level of practicality, with overall test results demonstrating that the module is highly effective in improving students' understanding of programming. Conclusion: The Scratch learning module that was developed has proven to be valid, practical, and effective as a teaching resource, and has the potential to support self-directed learning as well as structured and easy-to-understand coding instruction for elementary school students in introducing basic programming concepts across various schools.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

JSEET

Publisher

Subject

Computer Science & IT Education

Description

Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED), exploring intelligent and adaptive educational applications that support learning and teaching. Machine Learning in Education, focusing on predictive and adaptive models for learning support, personalization, and educational decision-making. Deep Learning ...