Criminal Law Review (CLEAR)
Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Clear Journal of November 2025

Analisis Kritis Efektivitas Sanksi Pidana Denda Pertanggungjawaban Korporasi Sektor Pertambangan dan Pemulihan Lingkungan: Critical Analysis of the Effectiveness of Criminal Sanctions and Fines for Corporate Liability in the Mining Sector and Environmental Restoration

Dimas Aji Pangestu Sultan AN (Universitas Islam Jember, Jember, Indonesia)
Teguh Karya Pamungkas (Universitas Islam Jember, Jember, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
02 Nov 2025

Abstract

The legal issue of environmental damage caused by corporate mining activities raises critical questions regarding the effectiveness of penal fines as a law enforcement instrument. This study aims to critically analyze the extent to which penal fines can encourage corporate responsibility in the mining sector to prevent damage and undertake environmental restoration. Employing a normative-empirical legal research method, data was collected through literature review and legal document analysis, then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The findings indicate that despite the existing regulations on penal fines, their effectiveness is still hampered by fine amounts often disproportionate to environmental losses, the complexity of proving corporate fault, and challenges in allocating fine funds for concrete environmental restoration. Factors such as law enforcement capacity, integrity, and corporate compliance culture also play a role. Regulatory reforms, enhanced law enforcement capacity, and a more comprehensive combination of sanctions are needed to achieve optimal deterrence and environmental restoration goals.   Isu hukum kerusakan lingkungan akibat aktivitas pertambangan oleh korporasi menimbulkan pertanyaan kritis mengenai efektivitas sanksi pidana denda sebagai instrumen penegakan hukum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara kritis sejauh mana sanksi pidana denda mampu mendorong pertanggungjawaban korporasi sektor pertambangan dalam mencegah kerusakan dan melakukan pemulihan lingkungan. Menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif-empiris, data dikumpulkan melalui studi pustaka dan analisis dokumen hukum, serta dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa meskipun sanksi pidana denda telah diatur, efektivitasnya masih terhambat oleh besaran denda yang seringkali tidak proporsional dengan kerugian lingkungan, kompleksitas pembuktian kesalahan korporasi, serta tantangan dalam alokasi dana denda untuk pemulihan lingkungan yang konkret. Faktor-faktor seperti kapasitas penegak hukum, integritas, dan budaya kepatuhan korporasi turut mempengaruhi. Diperlukan reformasi regulasi, peningkatan kapasitas penegak hukum, dan kombinasi sanksi yang lebih komprehensif untuk mencapai efek jera dan tujuan pemulihan lingkungan yang optimal.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

clear

Publisher

Subject

Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

Description

Focus and Scope of Criminal Law Review (CLEAR) Journal publishes article on law criminal from perspectives islamic and normative. This journal emphasizes aspects of positive legal with special reference to Islamic criminal law or criminal law (normative). We invite observers, researchers, lecturers, ...