Fraudulent financial reporting has become a critical issue in the banking sector, as it undermines stakeholder trust and corporate transparency. This study examines the effect of the fraud hexagon elements on fraudulent financial reporting in Indonesian banks during 2020–2024. Using purposive sampling, 42 banks with complete annual reports were selected, resulting in 210 observations. Fraudulent financial reporting was measured using the F-Score Model, while independent variables were proxied through financial, governance, and behavioral indicators, and analyzed using WarpPLS 7.0. The results show that financial targets, ineffective monitoring, and arrogance significantly increase the likelihood of financial statement manipulation, highlighting the role of performance pressure, weak oversight, and managerial ego. In contrast, auditor switching, changes in directors, and collusion do not have a significant effect, suggesting that governance mechanisms may help mitigate these risks. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening internal controls, improving monitoring effectiveness, and managing performance pressure to prevent fraudulent financial reporting.
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