<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the learning difficulties of fourth-grade elementary school students in understanding multiplication and division. The research used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The subjects of this study were fourth-grade students and their classroom teacher. The findings show that students experience difficulties in understanding basic concepts of multiplication and division, making procedural errors, solving word problems, and have low learning motivation. The causes of these difficulties include weak conceptual understanding, less varied teaching methods, and limited student engagement in the learning process. The study concludes that students’ learning difficulties are multidimensional and influenced by both internal and external factors. Therefore, more interactive learning strategies and the use of concrete learning media are needed to improve students’ understanding.]]>
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