Review on Transport Phenomena and Hydrodynamics of Integrated Ultrafiltration and Bubble Diffusers in Aquaculture Recirculation

Baskoro Tri Julianto (Program Studi Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sukabumi)
Sitti Filzha Fitrya Ginoga

Jurnal Rekayasa Hijau
Vol 10, No 2 (2026)

AbstrakSistem Resirkulasi Akuakultur (RAS) dikembangkan untuk mengatasi penurunan kualitas air akibat intensifikasi budidaya, namun masih terkendala efisiensi aerasi dan membrane fouling. Kajian literatur naratif ini (berbasis 29 referensi) bertujuan menganalisis fenomena transpor dan hidrodinamika pada integrasi membran ultrafiltrasi dan bubble diffuser dalam RAS. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan micro-nanobubble terbukti meningkatkan efisiensi perpindahan massa oksigen melalui perluasan antarmuka gas-cair dan peningkatan residence time. Selain itu, turbulensi dan gaya geser aliran efektif mengurangi pembentukan cake layer dan menekan fouling, didukung oleh Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) yang mendegradasi biofouling. Karena mayoritas riset masih berfokus pada kualitas air, studi mengenai pemodelan hidrodinamika tiga fase dan model prediktif fouling masih sangat terbatas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian lanjutan perlu difokuskan pada pengembangan model matematika dan validasi eksperimental skala pilot untuk mengoptimalkan desain RAS yang berkelanjutan.Kata kunci: Fenomena transpor; hidrodinamika; ultrafiltrasi; bubble diffuser; sistem resirkulasi akuakultur. AbstractRecirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) were developed to address water quality degradation caused by aquaculture intensification, yet they still face challenges regarding aeration efficiency and membrane fouling. This narrative literature review (based on 29 references) analyzes the transport phenomena and hydrodynamics of integrating ultrafiltration membranes and bubble diffusers in RAS. Synthesized results indicate that micro-nanobubbles enhance oxygen mass transfer efficiency by increasing the gas-liquid interfacial area and residence time. Furthermore, flow turbulence and shear stress effectively reduce cake layer formation and mitigate fouling, supported by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) that degrade biofouling. Since current research predominantly focuses on water quality, studies on three-phase hydrodynamic modeling and predictive fouling models remain highly limited. Therefore, future research should focus on developing mathematical models and conducting pilot-scale experimental validation to optimize sustainable RAS designs. Keywords: Transport phenomena; hydrodynamics; ultrafiltration; bubble diffuser; aquaculture recirculation system.