<![CDATA[Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death in Indonesia. The provinces with the highest caseloads West Java, East Java, and Central Java account for approximately 47% of all TB cases in the country. TB among children aged 0–14 years ranks second in terms of prevalence. East Java ranks sixth regarding cases of undernutrition and severe malnutrition. Purpose: To determine the association between nutritional status and other risk factors influencing the incidence of pulmonary TB in children under five years of age. Method: This study employed a quantitative approach with an observational, analytical, cross-sectional design. Data were obtained from the 2022 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey conducted by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Purposive sampling was used, resulting in a sample of 26,210 children under five. Statistical analysis included univariate analysis, the chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression. Results: Statistically significant associations were found regarding nutritional status (P=0.022; OR=1.57), maternal education (p=0.019; OR=0.29), and pneumonia diagnosis (p=0.000; OR=11.1). Regarding contact history, a "perfect prediction" scenario occurred; all children under five with a history of TB contact were also diagnosed with pulmonary TB. Consequently, although statistical values could not be calculated, this factor demonstrated a very strong association with the incidence of pulmonary TB. Conclusion: Nutritional status, maternal education level, pneumonia diagnosis, and contact history are significantly associated with the incidence of pulmonary TB in children under five years of age. Keywords: Children Under Five; Nutritional Status; Pulmonary TB Incidence; Weight-for-Age (WAZ).]]>
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