Journal of Educational Sciences
Vol. 10 No. 8 (2026): Journal of Educational Sciences

K-Means and Decision Tree for Adaptive Learning Strategy Based on Student Attendance Pattern

Muhammad Alif Abdillah (Electrical Engineering Education, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia)
Dyah Lestari (Electrical Engineering Education, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
05 Aug 2026

Abstract

Student attendance data are often used only for administrative purposes and has not been fully utilized to support instructional decision-making. This study aims to apply the k-means clustering and decision tree algorithms to group students based on attendance patterns and determine adaptive learning strategies for Mechatronics Engineering students. The combination of these algorithms was selected to enable student grouping through unsupervised learning while simultaneously generating interpretable classification rules for adaptive learning strategy recommendations. A quantitative descriptive method with data mining approach was employed. The dataset consisted of attendance records and cognitive, psychomotor, and affective assessment scores from 36 XI grade students enrolled in Mechatronic Equipment Repair and Maintenance (P3M) course at SMKN 8 Malang. The analysis included data preprocessing, clustering using k-means, classification using decision tree, and model evaluation through the silhouette coefficient and confusion matrix. The result indicate that k-means produced three clusters with a silhouette score of 0.57, indicating reasonably good clustering quality. The decision tree generated recommendations for project-based learning, cooperative learning, and direct instruction with an accuracy of 66.7%. Overall, the proposed approach can assist teachers in identifying student learning characteristics and selecting adaptive instructional strategies to support more effective learning in vocational education.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

JES

Publisher

Subject

Religion Humanities Education Library & Information Science Other

Description

JES publishes original articles on the latest issues and trends occurring regionally and internationally in the educational sciences with the aim to advance our knowledge both in term of theory and practice. Moreover, this journal also covers the issues concerned with the following special sections: ...