Lingeduca: Journal of Language and Education Studies
Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025)

BEYOND “HE” AND “SHE”: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF LINGUISTIC EQUITY AND NON-BINARY GENDER REPRESENTATION IN EFL TEXTBOOKS

Rizki Fauzi (Universitas Negeri Makassar)
Miku Fujita (University of Kyoto)
Emily Thompson (University of Leeds)



Article Info

Publish Date
27 Dec 2025

Abstract

Scholarship has long critiqued gender imbalance in English Language Teaching (EFL) materials, yet a significant gap persists regarding identities outside the gender binary. Textbooks often reinforce a cisnormative worldview, failing to reflect contemporary linguistic and social realities. This study critically analyzes the discursive practices constructing gender representation, focusing on the exclusion of non-binary identities and the status of linguistic equity in widely-used EFL textbooks. A Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) was employed, examining a corpus of three major, globally-distributed EFL textbook series. The analysis integrated quantitative pronoun frequency counts (“he”, “she”, singular “they”) with qualitative and semiotic analysis. Findings reveal a systemic “binary-only entrenchment.” Despite quantitative parity between “he” and “she”, there was a zero-occurrence of the singular “they” for human reference. This erasure is actively maintained through discursive avoidance (e.g., “he or she”) and reinforced by stereotypes, amounting to symbolic annihilation. The analyzed textbooks are not merely outdated but actively perpetuate a hegemonic, binary-exclusive ideology. This failure in linguistic equity misprepares learners and constitutes a significant ethical and pedagogical lapse in the ELT industry.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

lingeduca

Publisher

Subject

Description

The journal provides a platform for the publication of original qualitative and quantitative research on education and instruction, compilations based on critical evaluation of current literature, and meta-analysis studies. The Lingeduca: Journal of Language and Education Studies also aims to ...