<![CDATA[Food pickup and delivery is one of the services provided by online transportation platforms, where couriers collect food orders from restaurants and deliver them to customers. As the demand for this service continues to increase, a larger number of couriers is required to meet customer requests. To address this challenge, a double-order scheme is introduced, allowing a single courier to simultaneously handle two orders destined for nearby customers. In this study, the double-order scheme is employed to optimize food delivery routes with the objectives of minimizing operational costs while maintaining food quality within the specified delivery time windows. This optimization problem is formulated as the Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows (PDPTW). The Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA), a metaheuristic optimization method inspired by the foraging behavior of grasshoppers, is used to solve the problem. GOA simulates how grasshoppers search for food and communicate food locations to one another through a chemical signal known as the 4-VA pheromone. The proposed method was evaluated using simulation data consisting of 50 customer orders, 300 iterations, and a population of 10 grasshoppers. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach can reduce operational costs by up to 33.71% and decrease the number of active couriers by 50% compared with the conventional single-order delivery scheme.]]>
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