Jurnal Persatuan Perawat Nasional Indonesia (JPPNI)
Vol 11, No 2 (2026)

Factors Associated with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections (ARIs) in Toddlers: A Cross-Sectional Study

Lilis Yuliarsih (Bachelor of Science in Nursing Study Program, Kuninga, College of Health Sciences, Jalan Lkr. Bayuning No. 2, Kadugede, Kuningan Regency, West Java, Indonesia, 45561)
Maesaroh Maesaroh (Bachelor of Science in Nursing Study Program, Kuninga, College of Health Sciences, Jalan Lkr. Bayuning No. 2, Kadugede, Kuningan Regency, West Java, Indonesia, 45561)
Ricky Riyanto Iksan (Tarumanagara Institute Professional Nursing program, Jakarta, Indonesia, 12550 Tarumanagara Institute Nursing Professional Study Program, Jln. TB Simatupang & Jln. Raya Cilandak KKO No. 1, Ragunan, Kecamatan Pasar Minggu, Kota Jakarta Selatan, Jakart)
Yanti Susanti (Bachelor of Science in Nursing Study Program, Kuninga, College of Health Sciences, Jalan Lkr. Bayuning No. 2, Kadugede, Kuningan Regency, West Java, Indonesia, 45561)



Article Info

Publish Date
18 Aug 2026

Abstract

ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze factors associated with the incidence of Acute Respiratory Infection ARIs among under-five children in the working area of the Gunung Jati Community Health Center, Cirebon District, Indonesia.MethodsA quantitative analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 130 under-five children selected using simple random sampling. The independent variables were nutritional status, immunization status, and household cigarette smoke exposure, while ARIs  incidence was the dependent variable. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression.ResultsMultivariate analysis  Nutritional status (AOR = 0.123; p = 0.001), immunization status (AOR = 0.058; p = 0.005), and household cigarette smoke exposure (AOR = 0.015; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with ARI. Household cigarette smoke exposure was the strongest factor associated with ARIs.  incidence among under-five children.DiscussionNutritional status, immunization status, and household cigarette smoke exposure were significant factors associated with ARIs.  Adequate nutrition and complete immunization reduced ARIs.   risk, while cigarette smoke exposure increased it. Strengthening nutrition, immunization, and smoke-free home practices may help prevent ARIs  in children.ConclusionImproving nutritional status, increasing immunization coverage, and promoting smoke-free home environments may contribute to reducing ARI incidence in this population.KeywordsAcute respiratory infections, immunization, nutrition, smoking behavior, toddlers 

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Journal Info

Abbrev

jppni

Publisher

Subject

Humanities Education Health Professions Nursing Public Health

Description

Jurnal Persatuan Perawat Nasional Indonesia (JPPNI) merupakan jurnal resmi Persatuan Perawat Nasional Indonesia (PPNI). Jurnal Persatuan Perawat Nasional Indonesia ini merupakan jurnal dengan peer-review yang diterbitkan secara berkala setiap 4 bulan sekali (April, Agustus, Desember), berfokus pada ...