<![CDATA[This study aims to examine the effect of transfer pricing and thin capitalization on tax avoidance, with institutional ownership as a moderating variable, among infrastructure companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The study employed a sample of 28 companies, resulting in a total of 112 observations. A quantitative research method was employed. The research objects were infrastructure companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data used were secondary data obtained from the annual reports of each company for the period from 2021 to 2024. The results showed that, partially, transfer pricing had a significant effect on tax avoidance, whereas thin capitalization had no significant effect on tax avoidance. Furthermore, institutional ownership, as a moderating variable, was unable to moderate the effect of transfer pricing and thin capitalization on tax avoidance. It can be concluded that transfer pricing practices play a role in influencing the level of tax avoidance, whereas thin capitalization was not proven to affect tax avoidance. In addition, institutional ownership was unable to strengthen or weaken the effects of either transfer pricing or thin capitalization on tax avoidance]]>
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