<![CDATA[Purpose of the study: This study aimed to characterize the spatial and temporal variation of b-value in the southern Java subduction zone and identify areas exhibiting distinctive seismicity patterns through an integrated analysis of earthquake magnitude distribution, seismic activity, and associated estimation uncertainty. Methodology: Earthquake data from the BMKG and NEIC-USGS catalogues covering 1973–2011 were processed through magnitude homogenization, declustering, and magnitude-completeness assessment. The Gutenberg–Richter relationship and maximum-likelihood estimation were applied using ZMAP V.06 implemented in MATLAB 7.04. Spatial analysis used 0.1° × 0.1° grids with 80 events per calculation, while temporal variation was evaluated using a moving-window approach. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study integrates regional, spatial, temporal, and uncertainty analyses of b-value to provide a differentiated characterization of seismicity across southern Java. By combining Gutenberg–Richter parameters, spatial mapping, moving-window analysis, and standard-deviation assessment, the study demonstrates that regional-average b-values can conceal localized seismic regimes and provides a more comprehensive framework for interpreting seismic heterogeneity. ]]>
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