<![CDATA[This study proposes an adaptive sliding mode control (ASMC) scheme incorporating a nonlinear sliding surface (NSS), denoted ASMC-NSS, for direct-current (DC)-bus voltage regulation in a renewable-energy-based DC microgrid. ASMC augments conventional sliding mode control (CSMC) through channel-wise switching-gain scheduling based on the integral absolute error (IAE), while the NSS introduces bounded, state-dependent scaling of the current-tracking surface. The gain schedule adjusts the switching authority as the accumulated tracking error crosses prescribed thresholds, whereas the NSS shapes the reaching dynamics to improve transient tracking and suppress overshoot. The controller is applied to a system integrating a wind turbine, a photovoltaic (PV) array, and battery energy storage. MATLAB/Simulink comparisons with CSMC and ASMC without the NSS show that ASMC-NSS reduces the current-tracking IAE by 90.5% and 87.3%, respectively, and achieves a current settling time of 0.054 s. It maintains the 500 V DC bus with a maximum overshoot of 0.28 V and a 0.02 s recovery time to the ±0.5 V band. Lyapunov analysis establishes asymptotic stability of the ideal inner current loops and uniform ultimate boundedness under bounded matched uncertainties.]]>
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