JRTI (Jurnal Riset Tindakan Indonesia)
Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): JRTI (Jurnal Riset Tindakan Indonesia)

Development of interactive e-worksheets to improve counting skills of children aged 5-6 years

Salsabila Ramadhan (Universitas Negeri Padang)
⁠Setiyo Utoyo (Universita Negeri Padang)
Dadan Suryana (Universita Negeri Padang)
Yaswinda Yaswinda (Universita Negeri Padang)



Article Info

Publish Date
18 Aug 2026

Abstract

This research aims to develop a valid, practical, and effective interactive e-worksheet utilizing Canva, and Liveworksheets platforms based on Jerome Bruner’s cognitive development theory (enactive, iconic, symbolic) to improve the counting abilities of children aged 5-6 years. Using the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate) research and development (R&D) model, this study was conducted at TK Pautan Hati Sungai Tambang during the 2025/2026 academic year. The subjects consisted of 5 children for the pilot test and 20 children for the field test. Data were collected using expert validation sheets, teacher practicality questionnaires, and children's counting performance tests (pretest and posttest). Formative evaluation from media, material, and evaluation experts showed a cumulative validation score of 94.08% (Highly Valid). The teacher's practicality response reached 97.00% (Highly Practical). Furthermore, quantitative analysis demonstrated a significant increase in children's average counting scores from 53.25 (pretest) to 89.50 (posttest). The efficiency was confirmed by a Normalized Gain (N-Gain) score of 0.776 (High Effectiveness) and a Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test significance value of 0.000 (p<0.05). In conclusion, the developed interactive e-worksheet is highly feasible, practical, and effective to be implemented in early childhood numerative learning.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

jrti

Publisher

Subject

Religion Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

Description

JRTI (Jurnal Riset Tindakan Indonesia) ISSN: 2502-079X (Print), ISSN: 2503-1619 (Electronic) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal that publishes research and practice-based research across multidisciplinary fields of knowledge. The journal adopts an integrative and transdisciplinary perspective, ...