Crown: Journal of Dentistry and Health Research
Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Crown: Journal of Dentistry and Health Research

Oral Candidiasis and Dry Mouth with SGLT2 Inhibitors in FAERS, 2013 Q1–2025 Q2: A Disproportionality Analysis

Rachmat Hidayat (Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia)
Firman Hadi (Department of Dentistry, Lumajang Private Family Clinic, Lumajang, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
25 Dec 2025

Abstract

Background: Oral adverse-event reporting with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors remains poorly characterized. Objective: To evaluate disproportionate reporting of oral candidiasis, dry mouth, and periodontal disease with pure SGLT2 inhibitors in FAERS from 2013 Q1 through 2025 Q2. Methods: A retrospective case–non-case analysis used source-reported aggregates from 54 quarterly FAERS extracts. Latest-version handling, deletion-file exclusion, curated drug mapping, exact MedDRA Preferred Terms, reporting odds ratios (RORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and Benjamini–Hochberg-adjusted q values were applied. A signal required at least three co-reports, a lower CI bound greater than 1, and q < 0.05; role-scope and diabetes-indication comparator analyses assessed directional consistency. Results: Among 17,415,743 retained reports, 174,627 contained a mapped pure SGLT2 inhibitor. Primary-suspect analysis identified oral candidiasis (103 co-reports; ROR 1.71, 95% CI 1.41–2.07; q = 8.89 × 10−8) and dry mouth (578 co-reports; ROR 1.54, 95% CI 1.42–1.67; q = 1.99 × 10−24). Both estimates remained above 1 across broader role-scope and active-comparator analyses; periodontal disease was non-conclusive. Conclusion: Oral candidiasis and dry mouth showed hypothesis-generating disproportional reporting. The findings support targeted case review and external validation but do not estimate incidence, comparative risk, or causality.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

crown

Publisher

Subject

Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health

Description

Focus Crown: Journal of Dentistry and Health Research (Crown) focused on the development of dentistry sciences and health research for human well-being. Scope Crown: Journal of Dentistry and Health Research (Crown) publishes articles which encompass all aspects of dentistry and health research , ...