<![CDATA[The purpose of this study is to describe and compare the primary education systems in three non-Asian OECD countries: Finland, Germany, and Canada. This study focuses on two main aspects: (1) the systems, levels, and structures of schooling, and (2) school education management policies. Using a qualitative comparative method with a literature review approach, this study analyzes how distinct pedagogical structures and governance frameworks impact educational equity and quality. The results show that while Finland emphasizes structural flexibility and high teacher autonomy, Germany maintains a rigid tracking system (tripartite) at an early age, and Canada operates a fully decentralized model controlled by its provinces. The conclusion of this study indicates that balanced decentralization, professional trust in educators, and responsive school management policies are the main drivers of successful primary education in developed nations.]]>
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