<![CDATA[Islamic civilization during the Umayyad Dynasty in the Eastern regions represents an important phase in the development of Islamic history, characterized by territorial expansion, political stability, and cultural integration. This dynasty was founded by Muawiyah bin Abu Sufyan in 661 CE with its capital in Damascus, and it later expanded its authority to Persia, Khurasan, and Transoxiana. This study employs a qualitative approach using library research methods and historical analysis to examine the development of Islamic civilization in the Eastern regions during the Umayyad period. The results indicate that the advancement of Islamic civilization in the East was supported by several factors, including a well-organized administrative system, the Arabization policy introduced by Abdul Malik bin Marwan, and the strategic geographical position along international trade routes. The interaction between Arab and Persian cultures also led to acculturation that enriched social, economic, and intellectual fields. Furthermore, the Eastern regions developed into major centers of trade and Islamic propagation, influencing Central Asia and parts of India. However, the Umayyad Dynasty also faced various challenges that led to its decline, such as internal conflicts, dissatisfaction among the mawali (non-Arab Muslims), and the emergence of opposition movements from the Abbasid Dynasty, which ultimately overthrew Umayyad rule in 750 CE. Nevertheless, the legacy of the Umayyad Dynasty in the East made significant contributions to the subsequent development of Islamic civilization. Islamic civilization during the Umayyad period in the East was the result of a combination of political, economic, and cultural factors, and it offers important lessons on the significance of justice, unity, and managing diversity in building a sustainable civilization.]]>
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