<![CDATA[This research aims to examine the glory of Islamic civilization during the Ottoman, Safawiyah and Mughal Empires and its contribution to the development of the Islamic world. The method used is library research with a historical qualitative approach. The research results show that the three kingdoms played an important role in the advancement of Islamic politics, economics, science, art and culture. The Ottoman Empire was known for its strong government and military system, the Safavids excelled in developing art, architecture and religious identity, while the Mughals succeeded in combining Islamic, Persian and Indian cultures which resulted in various monumental works. The contribution of these three kingdoms shows that the glory of Islamic civilization was not only marked by territorial expansion, but also by intellectual and cultural progress whose legacy can still be felt today.]]>
Copyrights © 2026
