<![CDATA[Critical thinking is an essential 21st-century skill that needs to be developed from the elementary school level, particularly in Indonesian language learning. This study aims to examine the critical thinking skills of fifth-grade elementary school students in Indonesian language subjects through a literature review method. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach by analyzing 20 relevant scientific articles. The findings indicate that students’ critical thinking skills are influenced by learning models, reading and writing literacy, digital literacy, learning media, and learning styles. Various instructional models, such as Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC), Problem-Based Learning (PBL), RADEC, Discovery Learning, discussion methods, and Poster Comment, were found to be effective in improving students’ critical thinking skills. In addition, strengthening literacy culture and utilizing technology-based learning media contribute positively to students’ analytical, evaluative, and problem-solving abilities. Therefore, active, collaborative, and student-centered Indonesian language learning should be implemented to optimally develop students’ critical thinking skills.]]>
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