<![CDATA[Critical thinking skills are essential competencies in 21st-century chemistry learning; however, students still experience difficulties in understanding acid-base concepts due to abstract representations and the limited use of contextual and interactive learning media. This study aimed to develop an ethnoscience-oriented interactive e-worksheet on acid-base topics to improve students’ critical thinking skills. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D model consisting of define, design, and develop stages. The product was developed using the Liveworksheets platform and integrated with local ethnoscience contexts from Surabaya, including batik color fixation and smoked stingray processing. The research subjects consisted of 29 eleventh-grade students selected through purposive sampling. The instruments included validation sheets, student response questionnaires, observation sheets, and pretest-posttest essay tests based on Facione’s critical thinking indicators. Data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative analysis, N-gain, paired sample t-test, and Cohen’s d effect size. The results showed that the developed e-worksheet was valid, with median scores of 4 and 5 in all validation aspects. The practicality results indicated very good student responses (91.13%) and good learning activity implementation (75.97%). The effectiveness test demonstrated a significant improvement in students’ critical thinking skills, with the average score increasing from 47.07 on the pretest to 86.89 on the posttest, an N-gain score of 0.75 in the high category, a significance value of p < 0.001, and a very large effect size (Cohen’s d = 3.47). These findings indicate that integrating ethnoscience contexts with interactive multimedia can create more meaningful, contextual, and effective chemistry learning to support students’ critical thinking skills.]]>
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