<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the overhand serve and underhand serve ability of Class XI students at MAN Insan Cendekia Jambi and to compare both techniques empirically. The research employed a descriptive quantitative approach through a survey method using direct tests and measurements. The subjects consisted of 32 Class XI students (20 male and 12 female) in the 2025/2026 academic year. Data were collected using standardized serve skill assessment rubrics covering three phases: preparation, execution, and follow-through. Descriptive statistical analysis was applied to calculate the mean and percentage distribution across five competency categories. The results revealed: (1) overhand serve ability was classified as Sufficient/Poor, with a group mean of 47.34 (Very Good: 12.50%, Sufficient: 37.50%, Poor: 50.00%); (2) underhand serve ability was classified as Good, with a mean of 75.00 (Very Good: 6.25%, Good: 18.75%, Sufficient: 43.75%, Poor: 25.00%, Very Poor: 6.25%); and (3) a significant motor performance gap of 27.66 points exists between the two techniques, with underhand serve substantially superior. Students at MAN Insan Cendekia Jambi demonstrate far greater mastery of the underhand serve than the overhand serve. The low overhand serve performance is attributed to the technique not yet being formally taught due to its biomechanical complexity, potential gender bias in arm muscle strength, and limited access to proper volleyballs (only 1–2 usable balls out of 10 school-owned balls), which reduces students' active ball-contact time.]]>
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