<![CDATA[This article discusses the needs analysis for developing GeoBook-AR learning media on lithosphere material in Phase E at SMA Negeri 15 Padang. The study was conducted as part of the preliminary research phase of Plomp’s development model. Data were collected through classroom observation, an interview with a geography teacher, and a needs questionnaire distributed through Google Form. The questionnaire involved 54 Grade XI students who had learned lithosphere material. It used a five-point Likert scale consisting of 12 items grouped into four aspects: students’ difficulty in understanding lithosphere material, the need for more attractive and interactive media, preference for visual media and Augmented Reality technology, and expectations for GeoBook-AR development. The results showed an overall mean score of 3.71, categorized as needed. The four aspects obtained mean scores of 3.33, 3.75, 3.88, and 3.88. The teacher interview also showed that students were still rather passive, media use was limited to videos and pictures, and tectonic movement was difficult to visualize. These findings indicate that GeoBook-AR is needed to help students understand lithosphere material through more concrete and interactive visualization.]]>
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