<![CDATA[This study examines the implementation of the duty officer’s (mualim jaga) responsibility during cargo loading and unloading operations on board the container vessel MV. Sunny Laurel. The objective of this research is to determine how watchkeeping duties are carried out during port operations and to identify the factors causing the vessel to experience a list during discharging activity. A qualitative descriptive method was applied through direct observation and interviews with an Able Seaman, Second Officer, Third Officer, and Chief Officer during the author’s sea practice period from July 2024 to July 2025, supported by documentation and relevant literature. The results indicate that the list of MV. Sunny Laurel, which reached 5 degrees at Hai Phong Port on 30 April 2025, was caused by insufficient supervision of the duty officer over the unbalanced discharging sequence between the port and starboard sides, weak coordination with the shore foreman, and the absence of periodic checks on the lashing equipment and draft marks. These findings confirm that the human factor, particularly discipline and consistency in performing watchkeeping duties in accordance with the STCW and CSS Code provisions, remains the dominant factor in maintaining stability and safety during cargo operations.]]>
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