<![CDATA[Salmonella typhi is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes typhoid fever and remains a significant public health concern, particularly due to the increasing resistance to conventional antibiotics. Natural products such as red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) and white pomegranate peel (Punica granatum), which contain flavonoids, tannins, and polyphenols, have potential as alternative antibacterial agents. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of single and combined extracts of red betel leaf and white pomegranate peel against Salmonella typhi. This experimental study employed the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method using a completely randomized design. Chloramphenicol 0.005% was used as the positive control, while sterile distilled water served as the negative control. The treatments consisted of single extracts of red betel leaf, single extracts of white pomegranate peel, and combinations of white pomegranate peel and red betel leaf extracts (P:B) at ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 with concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The observed parameter was the diameter of the inhibition zone after incubation at 37°C for 24 hours. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, Levene’s test, One-Way ANOVA, and the Least Significant Difference (LSD) post hoc test. The results showed that red betel leaf extract exhibited moderate antibacterial activity, whereas white pomegranate peel extract demonstrated strong to very strong antibacterial activity. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among treatments (p≤ 0.05), indicating that the combined extracts produced greater inhibitory effects than the single extracts. The largest inhibition zone diameter was observed in the combination ratio of 1:2 at a concentration of 100%, measuring 25.21 mm, which was categorized as very strong antibacterial activity.]]>
Copyrights © 2026
