This study aims to determine the effect of the Number Heads Together (NHT) cooperative learning model on students’ critical thinking skills in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS). The study employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design. The sample consisted of 54 third-grade students of SD Negeri Joglo Surakarta, divided into an experimental class and a control class with 27 students each. Data were collected through essay tests, observation, and documentation. The data were analyzed using normality, homogeneity, independent sample t-test, and N-Gain tests. The results showed that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous. The average posttest score of the experimental class was higher than that of the control class. The t-test result showed a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a significant effect of the NHT learning model on students’ critical thinking skills. The N-Gain score of the experimental class was 0.75 (75.69%) in the high category, while the control class obtained 0.33 (33.03%) in the low category. Therefore, the Number Heads Together learning model is effective in improving students’ critical thinking skills in IPAS learning.
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