<![CDATA[Developments in the 21st century require physics education to focus not only on conceptual mastery but also on the development of 21st-century skills. This study aims to analyze the effect of the Problem-Based Learning model on students’ 21st-century skills in physics education. This study employs a meta-analysis research method. The sample consisted of 33 articles published in various journals between 2016 and 2026 that met the criteria for calculating effect size. Based on the results of the data analysis regarding 21st-century skills, it was found that PBL had a very strong impact on creative thinking skills, followed by problem-solving skills and critical thinking skills. Regarding learning content, the subject most suitable for PBL—particularly in honing students’ 21st-century skills—is fluid mechanics. The results of this study serve as a basis for consideration by teachers, researchers, and curriculum developers in designing more contextual, active, and focused learning experiences aimed at enhancing students’ 21st-century skills.]]>
Copyrights © 2026
