<![CDATA[The rapid development of information and communication technology has significantly transformed patterns of criminal activity, particularly in the emergence of digital-based fraud cases, which present new challenges for the criminal justice system, especially for judges in assessing evidence and formulating legal considerations. This study aims to analyze the factors underlying judges’ considerations in rendering decisions on digital-based fraud cases in Indonesia, as well as to examine how digital evidence is evaluated within the judicial process. This research employs a qualitative approach with a normative juridical method combined with a case study approach, using data collected from the analysis of 8–12 court decisions related to digital fraud cases from 2019 to 2024, supported by in-depth interviews with judges and prosecutors. The data were analyzed using a descriptive qualitative method to identify patterns in judicial reasoning and decision-making processes. The findings reveal that judges’ considerations are not solely based on legal norms but are also influenced by their ability to understand and assess the authenticity and reliability of digital evidence, with variations in judicial reasoning arising due to technical limitations and differing levels of digital literacy among legal actors. These results highlight the complexity of adjudicating digital-based fraud cases compared to conventional cases. This study contributes to the development of criminal law and cyber law by emphasizing the need for adaptive legal reasoning in response to technological advancements and provides practical implications for improving judicial capacity in handling digital evidence.]]>
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