<![CDATA[Providing equitable broadband connectivity across Indonesia's archipelagic regions remains challenging due to the high cost and limited feasibility of terrestrial infrastructure deployment. This study evaluates a Neutral Host (NH) model integrated with Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) technology in the 2 GHz band for broadband services in Papua and Maluku. A techno-economic and regulatory assessment was conducted through link-budget analysis, financial feasibility evaluation, and regulatory gap analysis from the perspective of mobile network operators (MNOs). The proposed hybrid LEO–HAPS architecture achieves a median carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) of 14.2 dB, 97.2% link availability, 40–65 ms latency, and 5 Mbps throughput per active user. Economically, NH leasing increases the operator's internal rate of return (IRR) from −17.32% to 20.23% while reducing capital expenditure by 96.7%. A viable lease-rate range of IDR 78,203–87,095 per subscriber per month is identified, with mutual financial sustainability achieved at 33–35% market penetration. The regulatory assessment indicates that existing infrastructure-sharing policies provide a foundation for NH implementation, although targeted regulatory refinements remain necessary. The study provides an integrated decision framework for MNOs, Neutral Host providers, and policymakers, while its financial outcomes remain dependent on the market and cost assumptions adopted in the model.]]>
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