<![CDATA[This article examines the post-1907 trajectories of the family of Singamangaraja following the death of Ompu Pulo Batu and the final military campaign of the Dutch colonial state in the Batak lands. It traces how the colonial government integrated his widows and children into the colonial order through internment, Christianisation, exile, and education in Java. Drawing on colonial archives, contemporary newspapers, and mission reports, the article reconstructs the life trajectories of the five surviving sons of Singamangaraja and situates them within the framework of colonial strategies of conquest and stabilisation. The study shows that these policies combined elements of protection, discipline, and political containment, thereby blurring the boundary between “education” and “exile.” By focusing on the family as both historical subjects and objects of policy, the article offers a new perspective on how colonial power managed the social and symbolic legacy of a defeated charismatic leader.]]>
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