<![CDATA[The increasing generation of plastic and biomass waste presents environmental challenges while creating opportunities for renewable fuel production. Pyrolysis provides a potential route for converting mixed waste into fuel products, but the co-pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP), durian peel, and brem waste using natural zeolite in a rotary kiln remains insufficiently explored. This study investigates the effects of pyrolysis temperature and natural zeolite addition on the yield and fuel properties of bio-oil produced from these mixed waste streams. Experiments were conducted in an electrically heated rotary kiln using a feedstock mixture of 50 wt.% PP, 25 wt.% durian peel, and 25 wt.% brem waste with natural zeolite. Pyrolysis temperatures of 250, 300, 400, 500, and 600°C were evaluated, and bio-oil yield, density, and calorific value were measured. The results showed that temperature affected both bio-oil yield and fuel properties. The highest bio-oil yield of 284 mL and the lowest density of 0.752 kg L⁻¹ were obtained at 500°C, whereas the highest calorific value of 55.341 MJ kg⁻¹ was obtained at 400°C. Increasing the temperature to 600°C reduced liquid yield, which was attributed to secondary cracking and increased gas formation. Overall, the results indicate that 400–500°C provided a suitable operating range for obtaining bio-oil with favorable yield and fuel properties from the mixed waste feedstock.]]>
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