<![CDATA[The circulation of unregistered cosmetics and traditional medicines (jamu) containing hazardous substances has continued to rise in Surakarta City and the wider Soloraya region over the past three years, despite a reasonably comprehensive legal framework, including Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health, and various technical regulations issued by the National Agency of Drug and Food Control (BPOM). This article examines the effectiveness of law enforcement following cases of illegal cosmetics and traditional medicine circulation in Surakarta and identifies the obstacles hindering its optimal implementation. Using a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, this study analyzes primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials through library research, employing Lawrence M. Friedman's legal system theory, Soerjono Soekanto's law enforcement theory, and Ahmadi Miru's consumer protection theory as the analytical framework. The findings show that although the normative framework covers preventive, repressive, and curative measures, its implementation is undermined by sentencing disparity, limited enforcement resources, and a weak legal culture among business actors and consumers, particularly in online transactions. These conditions weaken the deterrent effect of the law and make it difficult for consumers to obtain recovery for their rights.]]>
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