BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan
Vol 20 No 4 (2026): BAREKENG: Journal of Mathematics and Its Application

DIGRUNDY NUMBER OF DIRECTED STAR, BANANA TREE, FIREWORKS, AND COCONUT TREE GRAPHS

Raventino Raventino (Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Tanjungpura, Indonesia)
Fransiskus Fran (Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Tanjungpura, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
24 Aug 2026

Abstract

A digrundy coloring of a graph is a vertex coloring in which every vertex assigned a higher color is adjacent to vertices assigned all smaller colors. The maximum number of colors that can be realized in such a coloring of an acyclic directed graph is called the digrundy number. This paper determines the digrundy numbers of several classes of acyclic directed graphs, namely directed star graphs, directed banana tree graphs, directed fireworks graphs, and directed coconut tree graphs. The analysis is based on structural properties of the graphs and combinatorial arguments derived from digrundy coloring constraints. The results show that the digrundy number of directed star graphs is under orientations where the central vertex satisfies and . For directed banana tree graphs with a specified orientation , the digrundy number is for and for . Under arbitrary orientations, directed fireworks graphs have digrundy number , while for directed coconut tree graphs , the digrundy number is bounded by These findings provide exact values of the digrundy number for the graph classes considered and highlight the role of structural constraints in governing digrundy coloring behavior.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

barekeng

Publisher

Subject

Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Economics, Econometrics & Finance Energy Engineering Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Physics Transportation

Description

BAREKENG: Jurnal ilmu Matematika dan Terapan is one of the scientific publication media, which publish the article related to the result of research or study in the field of Pure Mathematics and Applied Mathematics. Focus and scope of BAREKENG: Jurnal ilmu Matematika dan Terapan, as follows: - Pure ...