<![CDATA[This study examines the relationship between production scale, production infrastructure, feed management, and production process efficiency and the income of smallholder dairy farmers in Pagerjurang Village, Boyolali Regency, Indonesia. Using cross-sectional survey data from 75 dairy farmers, the study employs Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression to analyze differences in daily milk income. The results show that herd size and concentrate-feed use are positively and significantly associated with farmers’ income, while milking duration has a significant negative association. In contrast, barn area and tofu-dregs use are not statistically associated with income. These findings indicate that income differences among smallholder dairy farmers are more closely related to productive capacity, feed management, and production process efficiency than to physical infrastructure alone. The study highlights the importance of improving resource utilization, access to quality feed, and production efficiency in strengthening the economic performance of smallholder dairy farming. The findings provide practical implications for policies and extension programs aimed at improving productivity and income through more efficient farm-level resource management.]]>
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