<![CDATA[The escalating waste problem necessitates management alternatives that focus not only on reducing waste volume but also on utilizing waste as an energy source. This study employs a waste incineration system to evaluate two energy conversion mechanisms: an impulse turbine and a fan turbine. In the impulse turbine system, thermal energy from combustion generates pressurized steam directed at the turbine blades; test variables included the number of blades, blade angle, and steam pressure. In the fan turbine system, thermal energy and the flow of combustion gases drive turbine rotation, with variables including combustion temperature and the number of blades. Impulse turbine testing identified the optimal performance with a configuration of 10 blades, a 40° blade angle, and 2.5 bar pressure, yielding a rotational speed of 4,103 rpm, 6.2 V voltage, 4.1 A current, and 25.42 W power. For the fan turbine, the best results were achieved with a 3-blade configuration at 900°C, producing a flow velocity of 1.1 m/s, a rotational speed of 601 rpm, and a generator power output of 5 W. The findings demonstrate that a single waste incineration system can be utilized via two energy conversion pathways: steam for the impulse turbine and hot gas flow for the fan turbine.]]>
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