Annals of Human Resource Management Research
Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): September

Impact of SOPs, Work Conditions, and Training on Port Employee Performance

Deviyantoro Deviyantoro (Universitas Serang Raya, Serang, Indonesia)
Denny Kurnia (Universitas Serang Raya, Serang, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
01 Sep 2026

Abstract

Purpose: This study examines the influence of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), work environment, and training on employee performance at PT Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok, Banten Branch, a high-risk port-service organization where procedural accuracy and operational reliability are essential. Methodology: This study used a quantitative explanatory survey design. Data were collected from 104 employees selected from a population of 140 using Slovin’s formula with a 5% margin-of-error. The respondents represented operational, administrative, and supervisory units. The data were analyzed using validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, partial t-tests, simultaneous F-test, and coefficient of determination analysis with SPSS 27. Results: The findings show that SOPs have a positive and significant effect on employee performance, with training having the strongest positive and significant effect. The work environment had a positive but statistically insignificant effect. Simultaneously, SOPs, work environment, and training significantly affect employee performance, with an Adjusted R² of 29.5%. Conclusions: Employee performance in port operations is mainly strengthened through clear procedures and job-relevant training, while the work environment serves as a supporting factor. Limitations: This study is limited to one port-service company and three internal management variables. Contributions: This study contributes to the human resource management literature by offering an integrated model of SOPs, work environment, and training in a high-risk port-service context.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

ahrmr

Publisher

Subject

Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Social Sciences

Description

Annals of Human Resource Management Research (AHRMR) is an international, peer-reviewed, and scholarly journal which publishes high-quality research to answer important and interesting questions, develop or test theory, replicate prior studies, explore interesting phenomena, review and synthesize ...