Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Natural Sciences
Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): J Pharm Nat Sci

In Silico Molecular Docking of Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Metabolites against the Androgen Receptor

Nayla Shaffa Mardhiya (Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)
Muhammad Nahrawi Udharaja (Research and Development Laboratory, PT. Borneo Riseta Naturafarm, Kutai Kertanegara, East Kalimantan, Indonesia)
Viviana Idris (UPTD Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Puskesmas) Sidomulyo, Dinas Kesehatan Kota Samarinda, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia)
Iswahyudi Iswahyudi (PT Borneo Riseta Naturafarm)



Article Info

Publish Date
29 Aug 2026

Abstract

Prostate cancer is strongly driven by androgen receptor (AR) signaling, making the AR ligand-binding domain an important therapeutic target. Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. contains diverse secondary metabolites with reported pharmacological activities, but their interaction with AR remains insufficiently characterized. This study evaluated 20 secondary metabolites of M. koenigii using molecular docking with AutoDock4, using SARM C-23 as the reference ligand. The docking protocol was validated by redocking the native ligand, yielding an RMSD of 0.77 Å. Nine metabolites showed more favorable predicted binding energies and lower inhibition constants than SARM C-23: mahanine, mahanimbine, isomahanine, pyrayafoline D, murrayazoline, O-methylmurrayamine, mahanimbinine, murrayacinine, and mahanimboline. Their predicted binding energies ranged from −10.03 to −11.48 kcal/mol, with Ki values of 3.84–44.60 nM. Interaction analysis indicated that these compounds occupied the AR binding site through predominantly hydrophobic and hydrogen-bond interactions. SwissADME analysis identified O-methylmurrayamine as having the most favorable overall predicted oral drug-likeness profile, although several high-affinity compounds showed excessive lipophilicity and/or poor predicted solubility. These findings identify promising AR-binding candidates from M. koenigii, particularly O-methylmurrayamine, which warrants further biochemical, cellular, pharmacokinetic, and in vivo validation.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

jpns

Publisher

Subject

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology

Description

The Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Natural Sciences (JPNS; ISSN 3047-5457) is a scientific, open-access, peer-reviewed journal published by B-CRETA Publisher (CV. Borneo Citra Kreatama). The journal publishes three issues per year) and is available only in the online format. JPNS publishes ...