<![CDATA[The article provides a comparative and typological analysis of the formation, content, and artistic features of the pandnoma genre in Eastern and Western literature. It examines the universal features of pandnoma associated with moral education, the transmission of life experience to subsequent generations, and the promotion of goodness and justice. Based on such works as Qabusnama, Siyasatnama, Gulistan, and Mahbub ul-Qulub, as well as fables, moral-philosophical letters, and didactic works of Western literature, the study identifies the common and distinctive features of the genre. The analysis demonstrates that in Eastern literature, moral instruction is predominantly based on religious-educational and Sufi ideas, whereas in the Western tradition it is more often expressed through rational-philosophical and civic-moral principles.]]>
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