Penegakan Hukum Pengelolaan Kebun Binatang Pascaberlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2024 di Jawa Barat

Keisha Aura Sa'adatun Nissa Herdiansyah (Prodi Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia.)
Neni Ruhaeni (Prodi Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia.)

Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies
1201 - 1208

Abstract. Indonesia, as a megabiodiverse country, bears a constitutional duty to preserve its biological resources through ex-situ conservation institutions such as zoos. Law Number 32 of 2024, amending Law Number 5 of 1990 on the Conservation of Biological Natural Resources and Their Ecosystems, strengthens zoo management regulation and sanctions. Yet incidents such as the 2025-2026 governance crisis at Bandung Zoo and the escape of a leopard from a quarantine cage at Lembang Park and Zoo in August 2025 reveal a persistent gap between legal norms and field practice. This study examines how zoo management and law enforcement are regulated under Law Number 32 of 2024 and implemented at zoos in West Java. Using a normative juridical approach, data were gathered through library research on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, supplemented with verified media reports, and analyzed by comparing legal norms (das sollen) with field reality (das sein). Results show the regulation is normatively comprehensive, covering licensing, cage safety standards, facility maintenance, shared responsibility among government levels and the public, and layered sanctions. However, implementation at both zoos remains suboptimal due to overlapping supervisory authority, vague technical standards, absence of strict liability for corporate managers, and non-operational conservation funding.   Abstrak. Indonesia sebagai negara megabiodiversitas memiliki tanggung jawab konstitusional menjaga kelestarian sumber daya alam hayati melalui lembaga konservasi ex-situ seperti kebun binatang. Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2024 tentang Perubahan Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1990 tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistem memperkuat pengaturan pengelolaan kebun binatang serta memperberat sanksi. Namun, krisis tata kelola Kebun Binatang Bandung pada 2025-2026 dan lepasnya macan tutul dari kandang karantina Lembang Park and Zoo pada Agustus 2025 menunjukkan kesenjangan antara norma hukum dan praktik lapangan. Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaturan pengelolaan kebun binatang dan penegakan hukumnya berdasarkan undang-undang tersebut, serta implementasinya di kebun binatang Jawa Barat. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif deskriptif analitis. Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan atas bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier serta pemberitaan media terverifikasi, dianalisis dengan membandingkan norma hukum (das sollen) dan kenyataan lapangan (das sein). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaturan pengelolaan kebun binatang secara normatif cukup komprehensif, mencakup kewajiban perizinan, standar sarana kandang, pemeliharaan fasilitas, tanggung jawab bersama pemerintah dan masyarakat, serta sanksi berlapis. Namun implementasinya di Kebun Binatang Bandung dan Lembang Park and Zoo belum optimal akibat tumpang tindih kewenangan pengawasan, kekaburan standar teknis keamanan, belum dirumuskannya asas pertanggungjawaban mutlak (strict liability) bagi korporasi, serta belum operasionalnya instrumen pendanaan konservasi.