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All Journal Brawijaya Law Journal : Journal of Legal Studies Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) DINAMIKA GLOBAL : JURNAL ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL Jurnal Yustisiabel Journal La Sociale International Journal of Science and Society (IJSOC) JAPI: Jurnal Akses Pengabdian Indonesia Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies MIMBAR : Jurnal Sosial dan Pembangunan Indonesian Journal of Law Research Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan Unifikasi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum

Neni Ruhaeni

Universitas Islam Bandung

Author-ID : 365273

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Health Professions Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Other

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In Search of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Regulations State Practices and International Law Perspective What Indonesia can Learn? Uweh, Atip Latipulhayat; Ruhaeni, Neni
Brawijaya Law Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2018): Culture and Technological Influence in Regulation
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Brawijaya

Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) has been used for different purposes, from hobby to military purposes. The rapid development of RPAâ€™s technology has made RPA regulations in most countries become more quickly obsolete. It is exacerbated by the fact that there is no agreed internationally RPA regulation so far, except an amendment of Annex 2 of the Chicago Convention 1944, which broadens the notion of aircraft to include RPA. This article identifies legal issues and models of RPA regulation in several countries and what Indonesia can learn and to look for an adequate and appropriate model to make the Indonesian RPA regulation, legally acceptable and technologically adaptable. This paper argues that the Chicago Convention, the model of RPA regulations in several countries, and the special interests of Indonesia as an archipelagic state are the three important elements that should be taken into account in the establishment of an appropriate and adequate Indonesian RPA regulation. This paper used normative method whcih analysing existing legal framework in RPA

Perkembangan Prinsip Tanggung Jawab (Bases Of Liability) dalam Hukum Internasional dan Implikasinya terhadap Kegiatan Keruangangkasaan Neni Ruhaeni
Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM Vol. 21 No. 3: Juli 2014
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/iustum.vol21.iss3.art1

This research discusses the development of bases of liability in international laws and its implications to any outer space activities. The research method was normative-juridical. The findings show that: first, based on the development history, there are three bases of liability in international laws; each has its own characters and implementation mechanisms. Second, the important implications of the development of bases of liability in international laws of outer space activities are written in Article II and Article III Liability Convention 1972 which are the elaboration of the stipulations in Article VII of the Outer Space Treaty 1967. As a consequence of Indonesian’s participation in international outer space laws, bases of liability which is mentioned in Article II and Article III Liability Convention 1972 should be implemented in national legislation related to the liability in any outer space actitivies in Indonesia.

Direct International Responsibility of Non-Governmental Entities in The Utilization of Outer Space Neni Ruhaeni
PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Vol 7, No 1 (2020): PADJADJARAN JURNAL ILMU HUKUM (JOURNAL OF LAW)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Article VI of the Space Treaty of 1967 defines non-governmental entities as legal concept. However, their responsibility in space activities is not defined comprehensively. The Treaty provides that the activity of non-governmental entities shall require authorization and continuing supervision from the appropriate state party to the Treaty. It suggests that non-governmental entities essentially are not the parties with direct international responsibility for their space activities. In other words, they have indirect international responsibility. On the other hand, commercialization and privatization of outer space have taken place intensively in the last two decades. It designs non-governmental entities as main actors in the exploration of outer space. The fact that non-governmental entities only have indirect international responsibility may lead to create difficult and complicated mechanisms, especially if the non-governmental entities are Multinational Corporations (MNCs). This study uses normative legal research, which is based primarily on the secondary data from library research relate to the responsibility of non-governmental entities for their activities in outer space. This study concluded that non-governmental entities should bear direct international responsibility following the current development in international law, of which, non-state legal subjects such as individual have a direct international responsibility for violations of international law they have committed.Tanggung Jawab Internasional Langsung bagi Entitas Non-Pemerintah dalam Pemanfaatan Ruang Angkasa Abstrak: Entitas non-pemerintah sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal VI the Outer Space Treaty 1967 (the OST) adalah suatu konsep hukum yang belum memiliki pengertian yang jelas, terutama yang berkaitan dengan tanggung jawabnya dalam kegiatan keruangangkasaan. Menurut the OST, kegiatan keruangangkasaan yang dilakukan oleh entitas non-pemerintah memerlukan otorisasi dan supervisi berkelanjutan dari negara peserta the OST. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa entitas non-pemerintah pada dasarnya bukan pihak dalam the OST yang memiliki tanggung jawab internasional langsung untuk kegiatan keruangangkasaan yang dilakukannya. Dengan kata lain, tanggung jawab entitas non-pemerintah dalam kegiatan keruangangkasaan bersifat tidak langsung (indirect responsibility). Sementara itu, komersialisasi dan privatisasi ruang angkasa yang terjadi secara intensif dalam dua dekade terakhir telah menjadikan entitas non-pemerintah sebagai aktor utama dalam pemanfaatan ruang angkasa. Dengan demikian, penerapan indirect responsibility kepada entitas non-pemerintah akan menimbulkan permasalahan dalam mekanisme penerapannya, terutama ketika entitas non-pemerintah adalah sebuah Perusahaan Multinasional (MNC). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif yang mendasarkan kepada data sekunder mengenai tanggung jawab entitas non-pemerintah dalam kegiatan keruangangkasaan. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa entitas non-pemerintah dapat bertanggung jawab secara langsung sesuai dengan perkembangan hukum internasional saat ini dimana subyek hukum bukan negara seperti individu memiliki tanggung jawab internasional langsung terhadap pelanggaran hukum internasional yang dilakukannya. Kata kunci: entitas non-pemerintah, ruang angkasa, tanggung jawab internasional langsungDOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v7n1.a6

Legal Protection for Farmers through Farming Business Insurance as a form of Risk Mitigation Welfare State Hesti Dwi Astuti; Neni Sri Imaniyati; Husni Syawali; Neni Ruhaeni
Journal La Sociale Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): Journal La Sociale
Publisher : Borong Newinera Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37899/journal-la-sociale.v3i1.610

Agricultural business activities are businesses that have a high risk of uncertainty. Global climate change has an impact on agricultural products resulting in decreased income and welfare of farmers, so that legal protection is needed by the government as an effort to protect farmers. The research method uses descriptive qualitative analytical techniques, in which this study describes and analyzes systematically, factually, and accurately about Legal Protection for Farmers Through Agricultural Insurance Agricultural premium subsidy insurance is a form of legal protection for farmers who have the aim of protecting against crop failures that is a form of risk mitigation as a form of mitigation Risk Welfare State.

Potential Mislejk on Authority to Creditors Previously with the Debtor to Apply for the Elimination or Deletion of Mortgage Associated with the Mortgage Law and the Ministerial Regulation on Electronic Mortgage Rights (HT-EL) Erni Rohaini; A. Harits Nu’man; Dini Dewi Heniarti; Neni Ruhaeni
International Journal of Science and Society Vol 4 No 2 (2022): International Journal of Science and Society (IJSOC)
Publisher : GoAcademica Research & Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54783/ijsoc.v4i2.450

The purpose of this study was to analyze the potential of Mislejk on the authority to creditors to abolish mortgage rights. The research method in writing this article is normative juridical. Secondary legal sources are used as the main sources in this study which are then processed to identify the main issues in positioning legal rules or norms as the basis for the author's assessment, taking into account some primary and tertiary legal materials. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the provisions of Article 22 paragraph (6) of the Mortgage Law as previously described do not have legal certainty. Thus, legal remedies that can be taken by the Customer in resolving Creditors who are reluctant to write off are as follows: Internal Settlement through the Banking Law mechanism, Settlement through Alternative Dispute Resolution, and Settlement through Courts.

Perlindungan Hukum Atas Kebocoran Data Pribadi Ditinjau dari Undang Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2019 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik dan Implementasinya terhadap Kebocoran Data Pengguna Electronic Healcth Alert Card Herlan Solehudin; Neni Ruhaeni
Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Abstract. The government through the Ministry of Health made an eHAC (Electronic Health Alert Card) application and required people traveling outside the city to register for eHAC. Electronic Health Alert Card is an application that functions to verify passengers while traveling. Existing laws and regulations have not been effectively implemented, so there are still many cases of leakage of personal data at the practical level, including the leakage of personal data of users of the EHAC application.Based on the explanation above, this study aims to find out how the implementation of legal protection for leakage from personal users of the electronic health alert card application is reviewed from law number 19 of 2016 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions.This research method uses normative juridical and this research is Descriptive Analysis. Meanwhile, the data used in this study are secondary data obtained from the results of the literature and using the Qualitative Descriptive analysis method.So the result was obtained that the Provisions regarding Personal Data as previously stated were a provision that placed the Electronic System Provider Company as a party that was obliged to always maintain all Personal Data of its consumers. Violations of the provisions of Personal Data have been regulated by Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law). Abstrak. Pada tahun 2021 pemerintah melalui kemenkes membuat aplikasi eHAC (Electronic Health Alert Card) dan mewajibkan masyarakat yang bepergian ke luar kota wajib mendaftar eHAC. Electronic Health Alert Card merupakan aplikasi yang berfungsi untuk melakukan verifikasi penumpang selama bepergian. Aplikasi ini wajib untuk setiap wisatawan dari Negara atau wilayah tertentu yang terkena penyakit, misalnya Covid-19.. Berdasarkan pemaparan diatas, bahwa penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana impelentasi perlindungan hukum atas kebocoran dari pribadi pengguna aplikasi electronic health alert card ditinjau dari undang undang nomor 19 tahun 2016 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan yuridis normatif dan penelitian ini bersifat Deskriptif Analisis. Sedangkan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari hasil kepustakaan dan menggunakan metode analisis Deskriptif Kualitatif. Maka diperoleh hasil bahwa ketentuan-ketentuan mengenai Data Pribadi sebegaimana telah di kemukakan sebelumnya merupakan suatu ketentuan yang menempatkan. Pelanggaran terhadap ketentuan Data Pribadi telah diatur oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 19 tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE).

Konservasi Kawasan Hutan Adat dalam Perdagangan Karbon berdasarkan Paris Agreement dan Implementasinya di Indonesia Aidal Rasyif Nurulhadi; Neni Ruhaeni
Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Abstract. Land rights by indigenous peoples can be a bulwark against deforestation. Forests officially managed by indigenous peoples and local communities have lower rates of deforestation and larger carbon stocks than forests managed by the government or private parties. In Peruvian Amazonia, for example, recognition of the legality of forests by indigenous peoples and local communities reduces deforestation by 81 percent one year after land tenure certification is issued. However, the recognition of legality has only reached at least a third of the carbon stocks managed by communities in tropical and subtropical countries. Globally, only 10 percent of the world's land is officially recognized as belonging to Indigenous Peoples and local communities, although traditionally the number is far above that. Even less land area of indigenous peoples and local communities is officially registered and recorded. This paper uses a normative juridical approach. The phenomenon under study is associated with related laws or regulations, namely methods that study and research primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The use of customary forest areas in implementing REDD+ including carbon trading as a form of forest conservation must implement the principle of free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) to indigenous peoples based on the Cancun Agreement. The Cancun Agreement produces safeguards to be integrated into the laws and regulations of the country that will implement REDD+. The research was conducted using descriptive analytical method. The researcher describes the applicable regulations with legal theories in practice related to the protection of customary forests and the rights of indigenous peoples in carbon trading to address climate change. Abstrak. Hak atas tanah oleh masyarakat adat dapat menjadi benteng pertahanan dalam melawan deforestasi. Hutan yang secara resmi dikelola oleh masyarakat adat dan komunitas lokal memiliki tingkat deforestasi yang lebih rendah dan cadangan karbon yang lebih besar daripada hutan yang dikelola pemerintah atau pihak swasta. Di Amazonia Peru, misalnya, pengakuan legalitas hutan masyarakat adat dan komunitas lokal mengurangi deforestasi hingga 81 persen satu tahun setelah dikeluarkannya sertifikasi kepemilikan lahan. Namun pengakuan legalitas tersebut baru menjangkau setidaknya sepertiga cadangan karbon yang dikelola masyarakat di negara-negara tropis dan subtropis. Secara global, baru 10 persen lahan di dunia yang diakui secara resmi sebagai milik Masyarakat Adat dan komunitas lokal, meskipun secara adat jumlahnya jauh di atas itu. Bahkan lebih sedikit lagi luas lahan masyarakat adat dan komunitas lokal yang terdaftar dan tercatat secara resmi. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif. Fenomena yang diteliti dikaitkan dengan hukum atau perundang-undangan terkait, dengan mempelajari dan meneliti bahan-bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Penggunaan kawasan hutan adat dalam menyelenggarakan REDD+ mencakup perdagangan karbon sebagai bentuk konservasi hutan harus melaksanakan prinsip free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) kepada masyarakat adat berdasarkan Cancun Agreement. Cancun Agreement menghasilkan safeguards untuk dapat diintegrasikan kedalam peraturan perundang-undangan negara yang akan menyelenggarakan REDD+. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif analitis. Peneliti menggambarkan peraturan-peraturan yang berlaku dengan teori-teori hukum dalam praktik pelaksanaanya yang terkait dengan perlindungan hutan adat dan hak-hak masyarakat adat dalam perdagangan karbon untuk mengatasi perubahan iklim.

Pengendalian Pencemaran Udara Berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Jawa Barat Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 Tentang Pengendalian Pencemaran Udara Dan Implementasinya Terhadap Pencemaran Udara Akibat Limbah Yang Disebabkan Oleh Pabrik Singkong Di Dusun Singapura,.. Azalia Amran; Neni Ruhaeni
Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Air pollution occurs in Singapura Hamlet, Sumurbandung Village, Cipatat District, West Bandung Regency by cassava factories due to unpleasant odors that arise from solid waste or onggok and noise that occurs during the production process. This cassava factory produces tapioca flour, where most of the people become workers, and is one of the livelihoods to improve the economy. However, there is still a lack of public awareness of the impacts that arise due to air pollution, especially on public health. The purpose of this study is to understand air pollution control based on West Java Provincial Regulation Number 11 of 2006 concerning Air Pollution Control related to aspects of control based on Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management and its implementation of air pollution due to waste caused by a cassava factory in Singapura Hamlet, Sumurbandung Village, Cipatat District, West Bandung Regency. The research method used in this research is juridical-normative and the data collection technique used is the library research method, assisted by interviews with related parties and the community. The results of the study concluded that based on the Regional Regulation of West Java Province Number 11 of 2006 concerning Air Pollution Control and Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management, air pollution control is carried out through prevention, control, and recovery. Control efforts are carried out in the context of preserving environmental functions. Pencemaran udara terjadi di Dusun Singapura, Desa Sumurbandung, Kecamatan Cipatat, Kabupaten Bandung Barat oleh pabrik singkong akibat bau tidak sedap yang muncul dari limbah padat atau onggok dan kebisingan yang terjadi saat proses produksi dilakukan. Pabrik singkong ini menghasilkan tepung tapioka, dimana sebagian besar masyarakat menjadi pekerja dan merupakan salah satu mata pencaharian untuk meningkatkan ekonomi. Namun masih kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat terhadap dampak yang muncul akibat pencemaran udara yang terjadi terutama pada kesehatan masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami pengendalian pencemaran udara berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Jawa Barat Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 Tentang Pengendalian Pencemaran Udara dihubungkan dengan aspek pengendalian berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup dan implementasinya terhadap pencemaran udara akibat limbah yang disebabkan oleh pabrik singkong di Dusun Singapura, Desa Sumurbandung, Kecamatan Cipatat, Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Yuridis-Normatif dan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kepustakaan, dibantu dengan metode wawancara kepada pihak-pihak terkait dan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Jawa Barat Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 Tentang Pengendalian Pencemaran Udara dan Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, pengendalian pencemaran udara dilakukan melalui pencegahan, penanggulamgan, dan pemulihan. Upaya pengendalian dilakukan dalam rangka pelestarian fungsi lingkungan hidup.

Kewajiban Mendaftarkan E-Commerce dalam Sistem Elektronik berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 80 Tahun 2019 tentang Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik dan Implementasinya terhadap E-Commerce Informal Rifka Pratiwi Ardikha Putri; Neni Ruhaeni
Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Abstract. The development of internet has changed various conventional methods become more modern, including the field of commerce. Trade with internet technology is referred to as electronic commerce. E-commerce is a non-physical form of modern commerce. One of the obligations of e-commerce actors in Indonesia is to register electronic systems, especially in informal e-commerce that trades through social media. In e-commerce informal, there aren’t many business actors who carry out registration obligations in the electronic system, currently the electronic system operators registered by KOMINFO have only reached 2698 businesses. This figure isn’t comparable to the number of business players e-commerce in Indonesia which reached 26.6 million units. The research method is a normative juridical research method, the primary legal material used is Government Regulation Number 80 of 2019 concerning Trading Through Electronic Systems and Minister of Trade Regulation Number 50 of 2020 concerning Provisions for Business Licensing, Advertising, Guidance, and Supervision of Business Actors in Trading Through Electronic Systems. The results of this study are that business actors e-commerce required to register electronic systems because business actors e-commerce included in the category of electronic system operators that must be registered and have a trading business license through an electronic system. The implementation of e-commerce informal has not been fully implemented due to several things, namely the lack of clarity regarding the regulation on registration of e-commerce business actors, lack of support for business actors e-commerce informal, injustice in tax collection, and lack of socialization registration obligations to business actors e-Commerce Informal. Abstrak. Perkembangan internet mengubah berbagai macam metode konvensional menjadi lebih modern, termasuk bidang perdagangan. Perdagangan dengan teknologi internet disebut perdagangan elektronik (e-commerce). E-commerce merupаkаn perdаgаngаn modern yаng bersifаt non-fisik. Salah satu kewajiban pelaku e-commerce di Indonesia adalah melakukan pendaftaran sistem elektronik sebagai bentuk pencegahan dari permasalahan yang sering dihadapi oleh konsumen dan pelaku usaha dalam aktivitas e-commerce. Pada E-commerce informal belum banyak pelaku usahanya yang melakukan kewajiban pendaftaran dalam sistem elektronik, saat ini pelaku penyelenggara sistem elektronik yang terdata KOMINFO baru mencapai 2698 usaha yang diantaranya merupakan usaha e-commerce informal. Angka tersebut tidak sebanding dengan jumlah pelaku usaha e-commerce di Indonesia yang mencapai 26,6 juta unit. Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian yuridis normatif dimana bahan hukum primer yang digunakan yaitu Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 80 Tahun 2019 tentang Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik dan Permendag Nomor 50 Tahun 2020 tentang Tentang Ketentuan Perizinan Usaha, Periklanan, Pembinaan, Dan Pengawasan Pelaku Usaha Dalam Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pelaku usaha e-commerce wajib melakukan pendaftaran sistem elektronik karena pelaku usaha e-commerce termasuk dalam kategori penyelenggara sistem elektronik sehingga harus terdaftar dan memiliki izin usaha perdagangan melalui sistem elektronik dalam melakukan kegiatan perdagangannya. Penerapan terhadap e-commerce informal belum sepenuhnya terimplementasi karena beberapa hal yaitu kurangnya kejelasan terkait pengaturan tentang pendaftaran pelaku usaha e-commerce, kurang suportif terhadap pelaku usaha e-commerce informal, ketidakadilan dalam penarikan pajak, dan kurangnya sosialisasi mengenai kewajiban pendaftaran kepada para pelaku usaha e-Commerce Informal.

Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca berdasarkan The Kyoto Protocol of 1997 dan Implementasinya di Indonesia Muhammad Syihabuddin; Neni Ruhaeni
Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Abstract. Indonesia has ratified the Kyoto Protocol of 1997 with Undang-Undang No. 17 of 2004. The Kyoto Protocol is a technical instrument of the Climate Change Convention in reducing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at a level that does not endanger the earth's climate. As a participating country of the Kyoto Protocol, Indonesia is bound to implement the provisions of the Kyoto Protocol in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, the negative impact of climate change on Indonesia is another reason why Indonesia must implement the provisions in the Kyoto Protocol. The implementation of the Kyoto Protocol also helps Indonesia to carry out sustainable development. Based on this phenomenon, the problems in this research are formulated as follows: (1) How is the regulation of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions according to the Kyoto Protocol of 1997? (2) How is the implementation of greenhouse gas regulation based on the Kyoto Protocol of 1997 in Indonesia? The research uses normative legal methods contained in legal norms such as laws and regulations, conventions, and protocols. The data collection technique was carried out by means of a literature study. The results of this study are: To determine the regulation of greenhouse gas emissions according to the Kyoto Protocol and to determine the implementation of greenhouse gas regulation based on the Kyoto Protocol in Indonesia. Abstrak. Indonesia telah meratifikasi Protokol Kyoto 1997 dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2004. Protokol Kyoto merupakan instrument teknis dari Konvensi Perubahan Iklim dalam menurunkan gas rumah kaca di atmosfer pada tingkat yang tidak membahayakan iklim bumi. Sebagai negara peserta dari Protokol Kyoto 1997, Indonesia terikat untuk melaksanakan ketentuan Protokol Kyoto 1997 dalam menurunkan emisi gas rumah kaca. Selain itu, dampak negatif perubahan iklim terhadap Indonesia menjadi alasan lain mengapa Indonesia harus menerapkan ketentuan di dalam Protokol Kyoto 1997. Dengan diterapkannya Protokol Kyoto 1997 juga membantu Indonesia untuk melakukan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Berdasarkan fenomena tersebut, maka permasalahan dalam penelitian ini dirumuskan sebagai berikut: (1) Bagaimana pengaturan emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) menurut Protokol Kyoto 1997? (2) Bagaimana implementasi pengaturan gas rumah kaca berdasarkan Protokol Kyoto 1997 di Indonesia? Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif yang terdapat di dalam norma hukum seperti peraturan perundang-undangan, konvensi, dan protokol. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan secara studi kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: Mengetahui pengaturan emisi gas rumah kaca menurut Protokol Kyoto 1997 dan untuk mengetahui implementasi pengaturan gas rumah kaca berdasarkan Protokol Kyoto 1997 di Indonesia.

Co-Authors A. Harits Nu'man Afriyadi, Hadian Ahmad Faizal Adha Ahya Amalia Deyanti Aidal Rasyif Nurulhadi Arinto Nurcahyo Arinto Nurcahyono Azalia Amran Calizta Alvirnia Nurimani Andraputri Chepi Ali Firman Dikha Anugrah Dini Dewi Heniarti Efik Yusdiansyah Efik Yusdiansyah Eka An Aqimuddin Elfrida Ratnawati Eman Suparman Erni Rohaini Eva Istia Utawi Fathania Mediana Putri Firdaus Muhamad Iqbal Hasya Fazni Pratiwi Herlan Solehudin Hesti Dwi Astuti Husni Syawali Jejen Hendar Mella Ismelina Farma Rahayu Muhammad Aldiva Raditya Achjar Muhammad Ilman Abidin Muhammad Syihabuddin Neni Sri Imaniyati Nining Oksidelfa Yanto Ramdani Saepuloh Rifka Pratiwi Ardikha Putri Rizki Dwi Widyadhi Rusli K. Iskandar Salsabila Zahra Pebriani Shafa Kamilah Sri Ratna Suminar Suci Setiawati Syifa Layali Effendy Uweh, Atip Latipulhayat Uweh, Atip Latipulhayat

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