<![CDATA[The digital transformation in education demands learning media that are not merely informative, but also capable of stimulating active student engagement. This systematic literature review critically examines the potential, relevance, and challenges of developing Canva-based e-modules as digital learning media for Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at the junior high school level within the framework of the Merdeka Curriculum. The review was conducted through a systematic literature study of indexed journal articles, policy documents, and research findings published between 2019 and 2024. The findings reveal that the Canva platform offers accessible visual design tools that enable PAI teachers to create aesthetically appealing, interactive, and contextual e-modules without specialized design expertise. Theoretically, the development of Canva-based e-modules is grounded in Vygotsky's social constructivism and the principles of differentiated learning that underpin the Merdeka Curriculum. This review also identifies critical success factors for implementation, including teachers' digital competence, infrastructure availability, and content alignment with Phase D Learning Achievement Standards. The article recommends further Research and Development (R&D) studies to produce empirically validated and effective Canva-based PAI e-modules.]]>
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