JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA
Vol. 13 No. 2 (2026): JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA

Formulation and Evaluation of n-Hexane Tamarindus indica Extract Spray Gel for In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Activities

Rachmad Tri Wahyudi (Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia)
Solideo Gloria Simanjuntak (Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia)
Daffa Rizky (Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia)
Faishal Nashif Guntoro (Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia)
Ajeng Budi Purwati (Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia)
Bachtiar Rifai Pratita Ihsan (Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
Drug Development and Analytical Methods Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia)

Queen Intan Nurrahmah (Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
Drug Development and Analytical Methods Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
23 Aug 2026

Abstract

Background: Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) contains various constituents, the biggest of which is the flavonoid group. Flavonoids themself have many health benefits, one of them is anti-inflammatory activity. Currently, it is necessary to develop herbal ingredients as an alternative to synthetic topical anti-inflammatory therapy. Optimizing flavonoid extraction, formulation development, and activity evaluation were carried out to increase tamarind's anti-inflammatory activity. Objective: This research aims to formulate and evaluate spray gel formulation containing tamarind pulp extract and its effectiveness as an anti-inflammatory treatment. Methods: The extraction method used is to optimize the solvent ratio and duration (days) parameter, then process it using a statgraph to produce an optimal method. The best extraction method chosen was determined by aluminum chloride methods. The spray gel formulation was optimized with HPMC concentration parameters. Activity evaluations were performed to evaluate the reduction in edema volume. Results: Based on extraction optimization, a method was chosen with a solvent ratio of 1:4 for 3 days produced 5.608 mgQE flavonoid. Formulation with 1% HPMC was the best result from three different HPMC concentration variations. From in vivo testing, it concluded that Spray Gel Tamarind Extract (TE) containing 1.8% and 3% extract was the most optimum to decrease edema or inflammation compared with positive control (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: Spray gel containing Tamarindus indica extract presents a promising pathway for developing effective topical anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical formulations.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

JFIKI

Publisher

Subject

Chemistry Education Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Other

Description

Jurnal ini adalah jurnal peer-review nasional, yang diterbitkan dua kali dalam membahas tentang topik-topik hasil penelitian di bidang pelayanan dan praktik kefarmasian, konsultasi masyarakat, teknologi kefarmasian serta disiplin ilmu kesehatan yang terkait dengan erat. Jurnal ini memfokuskan pada ...