<![CDATA[The present study investigates how transformational leadership exercised by school principals relates to tutor performance within Community Learning Activity Centers (PKBM) across Bandung Regency. A quantitative explanatory–causal approach was adopted. Data were collected from 96 tutors spread over eight accredited PKBM in Cileunyi, Cicalengka, Majalaya, and Soreang during March–June 2025 using cluster and purposive sampling techniques. Transformational leadership was operationalized through an adapted Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) rooted in Bass and Avolio (1995), whereas tutor performance was captured via a five-point Likert instrument addressing instructional quality, workload volume, punctuality, learning administration, and professional growth. Structural analysis relied on SmartPLS 4.0 complemented by descriptive statistics in SPSS 26. Findings reveal a positive and statistically significant effect of transformational leadership on tutor performance (β = 0.418; p = 0.000), accounting for 53.7% of the observed variance (R² = 0.537). Practically, PKBM leaders are encouraged to reinforce visionary, motivational, intellectually challenging, and individually attentive leadership behaviors to elevate tutor outcomes in non-formal education environments.]]>
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