JITK (Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Komputer)
Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): JITK Issue August 2026

OPTIMISING EXPLAINABLE AI IN EDUCATION: A DSPY-BASED FRAMEWORK WITH CHAIN-OF-THOUGHT REASONING FOR ADAPTIVE LEARNING

Ben Rahman (Nasional University)



Article Info

Publish Date
19 Aug 2026

Abstract

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in education is often constrained by limited reasoning transparency, computational demands, and reproducibility challenges. This study proposes and conducts an exploratory evaluation of a modular AI education framework based on Declarative Structured Programming (DSPy) and Chain-of-Thought reasoning. The framework integrates typed input–output signatures with structured inference to support transparent question generation and adaptive feedback. A pilot study involved 10 participants with computer-science or education backgrounds; each completed three sessions, yielding 30 session-level observations. The framework used GPT-4o mini and was compared with prompt-based and rule-based baselines. It achieved 92.4% session-level learning accuracy and higher observed reasoning-clarity ratings than the baselines, with an average response time of 1.2 s. Because the sample was small, technically oriented, and evaluated over short sessions, the findings constitute preliminary evidence and should not be generalized to diverse learners or sustained learning outcomes. Larger, heterogeneous, longitudinal, and resource-instrumented studies are require.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

jitk

Publisher

Subject

Computer Science & IT

Description

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