Harmonia : Journal of Music and Arts
Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): November 2025

Artificial Intelligence in Visual Arts: A Systematic Literature Review of Human–AI Co-Creation, Creative Processes, and Artistic Authorship

Sheik Mohamed (S.A. College of Arts and Science)
Sam Hermansyah (Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang)



Article Info

Publish Date
30 Nov 2025

Abstract

Artificial intelligence has fundamentally transformed visual arts through generative systems that support ideation, image generation, and collaborative creative production. The widespread adoption of diffusion models, multimodal systems, and text-to-image technologies has raised critical questions surrounding creativity, authorship, human agency, and ethical responsibility. This study conducted a systematic literature review using the PRISMA framework, drawing on peer-reviewed publications from 2020 to 2025 across major academic databases, analyzed through narrative and thematic synthesis. A clear technological evolution is evident, from rule-based computational art to diffusion-based and multimodal AI systems. While these technologies accelerate ideation and visual exploration, increased productivity does not automatically yield greater originality, conceptual depth, or artistic quality. Professional artists consistently outperform novice users in concept development, prompt construction, visual evaluation, and contextual interpretation. Public and expert assessments of AI-assisted artworks are shaped more by perceived human intention, authenticity, and authorship attribution than by technical image quality alone. Persistent challenges remain around intellectual property, creative responsibility, explainability, and the measurement of distributed creative agency. AI is best understood as an augmentative collaborator rather than an autonomous creator. Meaningful artistic production emerges from sustained interaction between computational generation and human intention, expertise, and ethical stewardship. The study's principal contribution is an integrated conceptual framework linking technological capability, human creative processes, distributed agency, artistic evaluation, and governance, serving as a foundation for future research, professional practice, and policy development in AI-assisted visual arts.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

harmonia

Publisher

Subject

Arts

Description

Harmonia : Journal of Music and Arts with ISSN Number 3032-4076 (Online) published by Indonesian Scientific Publication, is a distinguished open-access scholarly journal that has undergone rigorous peer review since its inception. Dedicated to advancing knowledge in the fields of music and arts, ...