<![CDATA[Participatory arts have emerged as an effective approach to fostering community empowerment through inclusive participation, collaborative governance, and cultural sustainability. However, comparative evidence on how participatory arts operate across urban and rural contexts in Indonesia remains limited. This study compares the characteristics, empowerment processes, and contextual mechanisms of participatory arts programs in urban and rural Indonesia using a comparative secondary-data approach. A qualitative evidence synthesis was conducted using secondary data published between 2015 and 2025, collected from international and national academic databases, government publications, and institutional reports. Eligible studies were selected through predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and analyzed using structured focused comparison. The analysis was guided by Empowerment Theory, Social Capital Theory, Cultural Democracy, Creative Placemaking, and Community Resilience. The findings indicate that participatory arts strengthen multidimensional community empowerment in both urban and rural settings, although the pathways differ according to contextual conditions. Urban programs benefit from stronger institutional support, diversified funding, and cross-sector partnerships, while rural initiatives demonstrate stronger community ownership, cultural sovereignty, intergenerational knowledge transfer, and heritage-based development. Across both contexts, programs characterized by co-creation, shared decision-making, and community ownership consistently produce stronger empowerment outcomes than those involving limited participation. Governance quality, institutional capacity, cultural assets, and resource availability are identified as more influential determinants of empowerment than geographical location. This study concludes that participatory arts constitute an effective governance strategy for sustainable community empowerment in Indonesia. It proposes an integrated comparative framework linking participation, governance, social capital, cultural rights, and community resilience to support future research and evidence-based cultural policy]]>
Copyrights © 2026
